Personal Development Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Self-awareness Plan - Essay Example In an examination to recognize the impacts of culture stun on minority understudies, Ostrove and Long (2007) and Greenfield (1994) discovered that culture stun contrarily influences scholarly execution of the understudies. The examination concentrated on the dark understudies who were the original understudies. So also, Grossmann and Varnum (2011) believed school to be an outsider planet where youngsters from both poor and white collar class families are the first to go to college.â Consequently, the social air results to culture stun on the dark understudies from the said foundations, and it impacts their change in accordance with college.â Inherently, the new social climate additionally effectsly affects ones personality.â The contrast between the social class between the original understudies and the proceeding with age is likewise accepted to impact scholastic execution (Phinney and Haas, 2003). Induction experience and focuses for improvement When I was enlisted in Wol verhampton College, I discovered that the social air was very not quite the same as my previous college, in America where I examined my college degree. Right off the bat as an understudy I came to know correspondence between the grounds individuals in Britain was a ton. The college pushed understudies to converse with one another and create kinship which gave me a feeling of belongingness when I began my program here. Besides, I went to the college with the thought that it was an intense foundation of learning. Another huge change that I had to go.... The examination concentrated on the dark understudies who were the original understudies. Likewise, Grossmann and Varnum (2011) believed school to be an outsider planet where youngsters from both poor and white collar class families are the first to go to school. Therefore, the social air results to culture stun on the dark understudies from the said foundations, and it impacts their acclimation to school. Characteristically, the new s ocial climate additionally effectsly affects ones character. The distinction between the social class between the original understudies and the proceeding with age is likewise accepted to impact scholarly execution (Phinney and Haas, 2003). Enlistment experience and focuses for development When I was accepted in Wolverhampton College, I discovered that the social air was very not the same as my previous college, in America where I contemplated my college degree. Right off the bat as an understudy I came to knowâ communication between the grounds peopleâ in Britain was a great deal. The college pushed understudies to converse with one another and create fellowship which gave me a feeling of belongingness when I began my program here. Furthermore, I went to the college with the idea that it was an intense establishment of learning. To my mistake I discovered that most the college understudies favored celebrating more than examining. Tragically, attempting to beat this will just make one to lose companions, and thus, one needs to figure out how to adapt to such a circumstance. Along these lines, because of time devoured in celebrating and really, to adjust to these progressions my general execution was really influenced in by first year in

Discuss Internet as a tool to International marketing research Essay

Talk about Internet as an instrument to International advertising research - Essay Example This kind of research should consistently have some type of information assortment, regardless of whether it be optional research or essential research, which is gathered direct from a respondent. There are two kinds of research: quantitative and subjective. Quantitative research includes numbers. A model, an inexpensive food chain may request that clients rate the administration as great, great, poor or exceptionally poor. Subjective research attempts to see how or why things are how they are. The exploration includes more up close and personal contact. A model, an examination may ask a customers for what good reason they have chosen to purchase a specific kind of soda pop. The Internet has changed how showcasing research has changed universally. Why, rate insightful, a large portion of the homes in the United States have PCs. This development happened for four reasons: the costs of PCs are diminishing, current home associations, slow, however are presently getting progressively quick, organizations are spending a lot of cash on little web just PCs, and the presentation of web TV. Every one of these variables have, and will keep on expanding the quantity of individuals with access to the web. What will likewise increment is the possibility to assemble data from customers, get to optional information sources, promote and sell items. This is an extraordinary bit of leeway to organizations, and not simply enormous organizations. Another preferred position of the web is that it puts all organizations little and huge on a level playing field, as far as promoting to potential clients through the web. Advertising to clients over the web requires inquire about which is the reason economic analysts are so critical to the procedure. What are the universal ramifications of web promoting research Worldwide advertising research ventures have been amazingly perplexing to control and in spite of the fact that specialists can speak with showcase members around the world doing research on the web can be costly. To do compelling global research, the specialist must consider two angles specific to this sort of advertising research interpretation and culture.First viewpoint It is significant that in various nations specialists decipher multilingual research in light of the fact that a course reading comprehension of a language doesn't appropriately catch the necessary subtleties. Likewise, nations contrast by they way they may utilize one specific word. Second viewpoint It is significant that multicultural research requires a cautious survey with regards to the social tastes, inclinations and restrictions in each taking an interest nation. For instance, in the United States and Europe assessments of public sentiment about state dignitaries are ordinary and papers, and magazines much of the time print them. However, it is exceptionally far-fetched that an assessment of public sentiment about the imperial group of Thailand could ever be directed there, or distributed. Focal points The upsides of the web and statistical surveying is that databases with fragmented locations, lost worldwide mail, time delays from mailing, and costly time traveling have all been diminished impressively. Publicizing As per a study led by Pew Research Center for the People and the Press, there is a more standard crowd present on the web. That implies a lot to the business network. Focal points for promoting on the web. To start with, organizations can contact their focused on crowds better. Sites demand individual data about the

A half semester told through paper

A half semester told through paper Here’s a picture of (almost) all the paper I’ve used at MIT so far, halfway through the first semester:01 also known as the first quarter, gasp I am too Hosedâ„¢02 the (usually temporary) state of having a lot of work to do at the moment to put effort into a blog post, so here’s what you get instead. Me going through a stack of paper and talking to you about it. So fun, right? Above is the top two documents on the stack. On the left is my 8.022 Physics II pset, which was due yesterday. On the right is a scale for measuring impostor syndrome. I got it from Peer Ears training that happened last Tuesday. I didn’t have a separate sheet of paper to take notes during the training, so I wrote on it instead. On the bottom of the stack are some papers from DEAPS. Discover Earth and Planetary Sciences was my First-Year Pre-Orientation Program, and we were given several handouts. I don’t actually remember reading any of the handouts that much; what mattered most was the schedule, which was posted on the website anyway. The paper was useful for recording data. We measured the height of the Green Building by dropping fruit and using weather instruments. We recorded observations about rotating fluids. We walked through Mt. Washington and wrote down what we saw about the vegetation. Oh, and there were pretty diagrams and pictures in the handouts too; this one about plants was my favorite. Here’s some documents from a role-playing game lead by the MIT Assassins’ Guild. It was the first LARP they hosted this semester, and the first one I ever participated in. A lot of time I spent playing the game was reading all of the information in the various sheets. These explain the character I was playing, his abilities, what his goals are, what he knows, and so on. Somewhere buried in the stack was the MIT Career Fair guidebook, apparently. Not that I used it much during the career fair. I only used it to look up some of the smaller companies that I was interested to talk to. Here are some of the problem sets returned to me so far. I write up my psets for 8.022 and 18.701 Algebra I using LaTeX because my handwriting is really bad. I never bother making the diagrams digitally, so I draw the diagrams in by hand. In bad handwriting. It looks really janky put together. I got a Harvard library card earlier this semester. While the card is indeed useful for getting into Harvard libraries, my primary use for it is to ride the M2 shuttle for free. The shuttle goes from Harvard, stops at Central Square and MIT, and heads downtown. I used to pay $5 to take the T to go to Harvard and back, and now I don’t! Here are my first two midterms, for 18.701 and 8.022. I remember waking up the morning of the 18.701 midterm, eating a protein bar for breakfast, getting to the testing room super early, and grabbing a blue book being handed out. I didn’t do as well as I thought I would do, but I still did really well. Here’s some scrap paper. On the back was me practicing calligraphy, which is one of my hobbies. In the center was some of my work for what seems to be calculus. Beside it are some drafts I made while trying to piece together the diagram in the post Flu Shots. You can see the blue scribbles on the sheet of paper on the right. That was my friend correcting some parts of the diagram. The biggest chunk of the stack belongs to 21W.022 Writing and Experience: Reading and Writing Autobiography. Most of the stack is a bunch of reading for the class. The typical structure of the class is that we read maybe two or three pieces, then talk about them in class. It’s my favorite class out of the four I’m taking right now. A lot of the visible essays in the picture are from Angles. MIT has certain introductory writing courses called CI-HWs, of which 21W.022 is one. Angles publishes student essays from these classes every year. I enjoy reading a lot of them. On top, for example, is How to Phone Your Old Man. The other readings for the class come from professional writers; one of my favorites is Sea Urchin. Neither of these two essays are long. The papers for 21W.022 form a formidable stack on their own. Here’s the last bits of paper. I went to my first concert two Saturdays ago, at Harvard. Admission was free for students! There were a bunch of people dressed up in fancy suits. Meanwhile, I was wearing shirts and shorts. The auditorium felt really old, and the lower level was filled with people. My friends and I sat on some wooden seats, like the kind you’d find in a chapel. I felt like I was going to experience refined, high-class entertainment, and I wasn’t sure I was prepared for thatâ€"my friends kinda just dragged me to come. The Harvardâ€"Radcliffe Orchestra played what my friend referred to as Mahler 9, which, he said, was the best out of Mahler’s symphonies. I guess I must have been pretty clueless, since he had to explain to me who a concertmaster is. And I nearly fell asleep during the third movement. But I thought the other parts were good. I went to my second one last week, over at Kresge. I enjoyed that one much better. They started out with something called the Rustic Suite and I thought that was pretty boring. Then they played Frog’s Eye, a piece composed by Evan Ziporyn, who was conducting the orchestra that night. I thought that one was really cool. After an intermission, they then played Zvon, which I also thought was really cool. Oh, and I also went to the Museum of Fine Arts. I also should have a ticket for the Institute of Contemporary Art, which I visited some time last month, but it wasn’t in the stack of paper. MIT students get free admission to a lot of nearby museums, which is really cool. also known as the first quarter, gasp back to text ? the (usually temporary) state of having a lot of work to do at the moment back to text ?

The Purposes of Punishment - 1402 Words

The purposes of punishment. What are the purposes of punishment? Which do you consider to be the most important and why? Student: *********** Student number: ******* Tutor name: ************* Hand-in date: 21st of November 2011 To begin with, it is necessary to say that punishment is an integral part of modern countries’ legal systems, because countries have a duty to protect society from wrongdoers and authorities could reach success in it by punishing offenders. Oxford English Dictionary defines punishment as the infliction or imposition of a penalty as retribution for an offence. There are four main purposes of punishment – incapacitation, deterrence, retribution and rehabilitation – and the aim of this paper is to†¦show more content†¦Deterrence is a further purpose that needs to be highlighted. The aim of punishment is also to warn people from crime committing under the fear of being punished and it might be reached through the well-developed criminal justice system, one of the main aim of which is to ensure that every wrongdoer will be punished for the criminal acts. There are two kinds of deterrence. They are general and specific deterrence. Ferris defines specific deter rence as deterrence which attempts to persuade the individual before the court not to commit further offences, while general deterrence is defined as the process of persuading others who might be inclined to offend not to do so. Deterrence has its own pros and cons as well. One of the main deterrence benefits is that it may reduce crime rate significantly and sharply. For instance, there is a three strikes policy in most states of USA, which means that if an individual has already been in jail two times and if this person commits a third crime, she would be automatically sentenced for 25 years regardless of crime seriousness. On the other hand, the main drawback is that criminals usually think that they will not be caught, so they continue committing crimes. Retribution, as the next aim of punishment, is associated with the idea that the wrongdoers have to be penalized and punished for violation against the civilians. Retribution could be viewed from two aspects: revenge and restoration. According to Oxford EnglishShow MoreRelatedPurpose and History of Punishment785 Words   |  4 PagesPurpose and History of Punishment The American society of punishment has been heavily based on British law, which has in turn grown from Western capital punishment and personal retribution. In the seventh century A.D. leaders in government have begun to realize that crimes harmed society. The government started becoming more involved in controlling crimes and punishment for the crimes being committed. To protect the citizens the leaders of the governing body assembled a set of laws that were passedRead MorePurpose Of Corporal Punishment1151 Words   |  5 PagesCorporal Punishment is the intentional act of disciplining by inflicting physical pain as retribution for an offense or wrongdoing. The purpose of corporal punishment is to prevent the offense or wrongdoing from happening again by instilling or associating fear with these undesired acts. Corporal punishment may be divided into three main types: parental or domestic corporal punishment, school corporal punishment and judicial corporal punishment which closel y related to prison corporal punishment. QuiteRead MoreThe Purpose of Punishment in a Modern Society Essay2234 Words   |  9 PagesPunishment has been in existence since the early colonial period and has continued throughout history as a method used to deter criminals from committing criminal acts. Philosophers believe that punishment is a necessity in today’s modern society as it is a worldwide response to crime and violence. Friedrich Nietzche’s book â€Å"Punishment and Rehabilitation† reiterates that â€Å"punishment makes us into who we are; it creates in us a sense of responsibility and the ability to take and release our socialRead MoreDiscuss Factors That Affect Sentencing Decisions, Including the Purposes of Punishment and the Role of Victims.783 Words   |  4 Pagesthat set precedent for all judges and magistrates in the state. Within this legislation are the purposes for which a sentence may be imposed, types of penalties, minimum/maximum senten ces and mandatory sentences. The purposes of sentencing are set out in the Crimes (Sentencing Procedures) Act 1999 (NSW) and fundamentally include deterrence, retribution, rehabilitation and incapacitation as the purposes by which a judge may impose a sentence. Deterrence intends to discourage specifically offendersRead MoreSection 3a Of The Crimes ( Sentencing Procedure ) Act 19991572 Words   |  7 Pagesofficial purposes of sentencing: http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/cpa1999278/s3a.html These ‘purposes’ are often said to be in conflict. Analyse these stated purposes in light of the broader philosophies of punishment in order to explain the tensions that are inherent in the business of punishing. Your essay should present an informed argument on which purposes and/or alternative understandings of justice should take precedence over others and why. The purposes of punishment in NSWRead MoreThe Retributive And Utilitarian Theory Of Punishment1478 Words   |  6 Pages Punishment is any kind of negative penalty inflicted on the wrong doer to prevent him from doing wrong in the future. Though there is no specific definition for punishment, it implies all those acts that are required to teach the wrong doer a lesson. Taking a negative step towards the offender. Since the evolution of time, there have been many sociologists who have given their theories on punishment and how the offender should be punished. The theories vary in terms of approach takenRead MoreHistory and Purposes of Prisons884 Words   |  4 PagesHistory and Purpose of Penitentiaries Jeffrey Brown CJA234 July 7,2012 George Chavarria History and Purpose of Penitentiaries Crime has had an impact on society for years, and will continue to do so well into the future. The presence of criminals and criminal acts proved that there was and all ways will be a need for penitentiaries. Correctional facilities no matter if they are prisons, jails, or penitentiaries are all part of the criminal justice system. Their overall goal and objectiveRead MoreThe On The Juvenile Justice System Essay1236 Words   |  5 Pagesjustifiable concern, the proposed changes to the purposes clause would go against the primary purpose of the juvenile justice system, rehabilitation and treatment as opposed to punishment. During the 19th century, the American legal system tended to treat juveniles who violated the criminal law much as it did adult offenders. Consequently, if courts found children criminally responsible, they would then impose the same sentences, e.g. capital punishment, and committed these youths to the same penalRead MoreCorporal Punishment and the Effects of It s Usage757 Words   |  3 PagesCorporal Punishment and the effects of its usage Corporal punishment is the ability to make physical contact as a form of punishment for reprimanding ones behavior. Corporal punishment versus positive reinforcement while they both serve their purpose corporal punishment is known to be more effective. The most common form of disciplining has always been either a spanking, corporal punishment has been dated all the way back to biblical times. Now the corporal punishment that occurred during biblicalRead MoreSocial Punishment And Its Impact On Society Essay1628 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout time, the use of punishment has changed drastically. Not only has the actual infliction of punishment changed, the reasoning behind this punishment has also changed. There have been numerous scholars, educators, and researchers that have presented various theories on the reasoning behind societal punishment. Some of these theories are closely similar, however some are drastically different. It is important to note that these theorists have broa d perceptions that can be rooted back to specific

Synthetic Essay On A Modest Proposal - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1112 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/05/08 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Modest Proposal Essay Did you like this example? A Modest Proposal suggests to the Irish people that it would be beneficial for them to bear children and fatten them up to be sold to the English rulers so they can be favored in hopes of gaining more freedom and opportunities. Two authors with different focuses on Jonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal will aid in gathering information about social issues and class structure in relation to the history of Englands poor treatment of Ireland. An article by Louis A. Landa highlights the strife between England and Ireland as Ireland is moving towards growth and independence but is squashed by the unproductive members of society that England has sent over; Barbra Bengelss work discusses the relation of clothing as it is discussed in A Modest Proposal and how it represents social issues and class structure. After evaluating both sources, the treatment of England can clearly be seen as the cause of social issues and unproductivity in Ireland. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Synthetic Essay On A Modest Proposal" essay for you Create order Barbra Bengels centers her analysis of Swifts A Modest Proposal on his use of clothing related terminology and how the image of clothing relates to the class and social issues in Ireland. Bengelss first quotation of A Modest Proposal is Beggars of the female sex, followed by three, four, six children all in rags (Swift 1729). Bengels uses this quote to introduce her main point: as described by Swift, clothing visually defines the classes. Bengels proceeds into describing the cause of Irelands low social standing. She speculates that Swifts choice of words is promoted by the thought that clothing was the identifying factor between social classes. Bengels also makes the statement that dressing ones child is synonymous with caring and flaunting social class to support her view. She continues on to argue that Swifts use of clothing references and the poor treatment mothers give their children, such as fattening them up and birthing them only to sell them for a profit, is a symbol of the a falling Irish society (2006 pg 14). Bengels is taken aback by how absurd and inhumane the proposal is for the lower class women to objectify their children and treat them as animals only tending to them for the promise of a profit. Bengelss final statement in her analysis of Swifts proposal entails that she does not think Swift was an inhuman person for his suggestion. She actually believed that Swift was intelligent in his word choice in creating puns and was impressed by his strategic use of satire to make it appear as though he really cared about the situation at hand. Louis Landa diverges from Bengelss view of inhumanity and focuses on his interpretation of the situation between Ireland and England. Landa, the author of the journal article A Modest Proposal and Populousness, focuses on the history between England and Ireland and how the harsh treatment of England impacted the population of Ireland, and consequently the repercussions that followed- such as a low economy, masses of beggars, and overpopulation. Landa supports Swifts thought that it would be more beneficial for the people of Ireland to sell the bodies of those who are not contributing to the overall economic and social growth of Ireland (1942, p.162). Landa continues on in his analysis of Swifts proposal and shifts his focus specifically to what he believed defined a wealthy country and how it coincided with the thought of those who lived during Swifts time. The phrase, people are the riches of a nation is repeated numerous times in Landas analysis and is the main focus throughout the essay. He believes, like many others from Swifts time and before, that a country can be successful if it has a large number of people to contribute to the growth and work of a country, and conversely, a person who does not function properly in economic or political society makes the nation poorer, not richer (Landra 1924 p.165). Because England continued to ship its unsuccessful members of society to Ireland, the land became overcrowded with unproductive people and ruined to potential that Ireland once had to become a successful country on its own. Conversely, Landa believes that Swifts A Modest Proposal was an argument against the previous statement that people are the riches of a nation. Landa suggests that Swift actually blamed the amount of people for the unsuccessfulness of Ireland. However, the main point of his essay was not to expose a fault in the economic structure, but to blame England for spoiling the efficiency of the natural law of Ireland and denying the Irish their natural rights (1924 p. 165) The most prominent view that both authors share is the thought that England is grossly exploiting Ireland to a point where they are unable to provide and support themselves. Bengels makes this point clear when she introduces the point that Ireland cannot manufacture its own goods because of the lack of employment, but the thrifty Irish citizens can clothe themselves in the leftover leather skins of the children they cook and sell (Bengels 2006). Landa expands on the point that England is to blame for all of Irelands misfortune. He includes a common thought of that time that people are the riches of a nation their labour is potential wealth but must be utilized (1942, p. 163). Landa believes Ireland is unable to utilize their potential because they are overpopulated and dont have enough resources to support such a large population. Ireland is having to send their supplies to England as payment which lowers their ability to supply for themselves. Landa also proposed the idea that England should encourage its lower class citizens to seek opportunity elsewhere instead of merely shipping them to Ireland and creating a larger problem while providing no help and spending excess money in moving the unemployed (1942, p. 160). This is where the sources diverge. Bengles begins to focus more on the representation of clothing and how it relates to class and the social issues of Ireland, whereas Landa dives into the history and economical issues between England and Ireland. The proposal Jonathan Swift offers to the people of Ireland is crucial as both a work of satire and a matter to be taken seriously. The proposal illuminates the discourse between an overbearing and uncaring country on one of its defenseless colonies. When reading Swifts proposal one needs to keep in mind the historical turmoil between Ireland and England and the measures that pushed Swift to write such a logically thought out, yet inhumane proposal as a means to raise awareness of the situation at hand. The two sources provide different insight to the inefficiency of Ireland while providing different focuses on the repercussions of Englands actions towards Ireland in relation to social issues and class structure.

What Argument Essay Topics College Is - and What it Is Not

What Argument Essay Topics College Is - and What it Is Not Whispered Argument Essay Topics College Secrets There are several different tactics to compose a hook. Your readers want to see the entire picture, and that's what you should concentrate on. It is very important to begin with demonstrating the major idea of the entire piece so you and your readers are going to be on the exact same page. Clearly Establishing Your Purpose With your reader's attention currently in place, you should be sure you also directly cover the question or prompt to which you've been requested to respond. Think about your essay's thesis for a promise to your audience about what type of analysis you've made for the books and allow it to be specific. Addressing the correct audience is crucial. The more passion you've got for a writing topic, the simpler it'll be to convey that emotion to your audience and make an excellent descriptive essay. Yes, there's a person who can assist you with your essays expert essay writers at MyPerfectWords. To begin with, you may want to consider my list of 150 topic tips for essays that explain. Inside my experience, descriptive essays are only difficult in regards to deciding just what things to write about. Outlining your essay is a great method to organize your ideas and flesh out your essay topic. Getting the Best Argument Essay Topics College Particular video games can be regarded as parts of art. Keep in mind, if you would like your solution to work, you have to go for an audience that has the capability to create a solution, not simply a group of people irritated by the circumstance. Technology or social networking topics are something that everybody wishes to investigate because so a lot of us are concerned about our own use of phone and societal media. Some people think that it's also wise to have to pass a drug test before receiving any type of government assistance, inclu ding food-stamps. Argument Essay Topics College - the Story Usually, you will argue strongly for the most crucial cause in this sort of essay. Regardless of what essay topic you're given, our essay generator will have the ability to finish your essay easily. Write out your own overview of each report. Then re-write each one of these sentences in their own words either on a tough copy of the essay or within a Word document. The Argument Essay Topics College Game You may also become a variety of discounts on our site which will help you to save some more money for future orders or anything you want to spend them on. A trusted writing services company may assist you with all that. You also need to pick issues that you've got a terrific interest in. Our customer support will gladly tell you whether there are any special offers at the present time, together with make sure you are getting the very best service our company may deliver. What to Expect From Argument Essay Topics Co llege? You need to understand the assignment correctly to make sure the subject is perfect. You need to locate a subject. It's needless to say that you should go for a subject that you regard as interesting. It is possible to discover a subject in various ways. What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About Argument Essay Topics College All you have to do is say that you're likely to argue for a specific position and the job is completed, whalaa! Use what you read to assist you create some search terms, and to assist you choose your own position. Generally, it's tough to pinpoint the specific start of a significant literary movement. In order to assess something, you will need to compare it with the ideal example of that specific thing. A Secret Weapon for Argument Essay Topics College An argumentative essay is a sort of academic papers that students write in the center school. Now you're ready to locate some articles to utilize in your paper. Some can do the job better as lar ge school research paper topics, while others are going to make decent research paper topics for college students. Well, grading papers are often quite dull. It's not sufficient to settle on a topic which everybody agrees on. After you own a topic, you should make a decision as to what way you wish to approach it. You are going to want to know about this issue. Jot down whatever you know about this issue in a brief list. Gather sources for your topic from the world wide web and library that you believe can help you answer the question. Google can really help you too. Once you choose a topic, you must react to the query and after that substantiate your response with three or more motivations as to why you think like that.

Analysis of the Global Economic Crisis

Question: Describe aboutthe global financial crisis. Answer: Introduction In 2008 the world faced an unprecedented crisis in financial systems. It was called the global financial crisis that led to financial systems imploding. The tax politico-economic paradigms shifted with big economies like the United States, china and japan being among the worst hit. Nepal was not left out of the equation either; it faced a period of financial crisis in its banks, high unemployment rate and slow economic growth rate(Berlatsky, 2010). Banks and insurance companies began to suffer serious losses, while their assets and other valuables began to fall free. Many money markets witnessed heavy losses with market instruments depreciating to all-time lows. Nepals money market came almost to a halt. What was initially thought to be isolated cases of collapse of banks became the norm throughout the world. A period of uncertainty had engulfed the world into a gloom with the same principle of capitalism being put into question. Governments had to react fast and strategically in order to revive the ailing financial sector. Previous growth seen between 2003-2007 had come into a sudden halt and even the Nepal had been shaken. Analysis of the Global Economic Crisis in Nepal and the World Although the financial and economic crisis is a complex process with multiple factors that have influenced its origin and development, essentially this process was generated by the imbalance between the real economy and virtual economy.The genesis of the problem is in the United States, which for years has enjoyed - in their capacity as political and financial superpower - huge advantages to access public and private credit to finance operations of its government and its citizens consumption.(Berlatsky, 2010) As a result, the US economy had become an economy of excess and irresponsibility, with consumers living far above their actual capabilities and resources, thanks to unrestricted access to credit. Nepal was going on the same route of unrestricted credit while other countries like UK had taken off.It was thus an economic boom based not on the actual production of wealth but on mere speculation and not on responsible investment but careless bet was built, and where expectations for higher profits, unreasonable and unjustified, ended up spreading and getting drunk to everybody. Examples of Financial crisis that affected global financial crisis The speculative bubble fueled by cheap credit was reflected in the diverse markets: prices of raw materials - minerals, oil, food - rose greatly in recent years driven by blind faith that the demand for these products continue to grow indefinitely , as shares of companies and banks grew exorbitantly with the illusion of infinite profits. The same happened with the US market real estate loans, just when the bubble began to burst(Claessens and Horen, n.d.). Access to mortgage credit became so easy that millions of families embarked on buying houses, which led in turn to rising housing prices especially in the united states and Europe. And when borrowers began to default on their payments, these banks found they had a huge amount of mortgages whose real value was falling apart: they had made loans that they could not recover, but still had the same obligations to its depositors and investors. And a reaction was initiated chain where these risky investments in assets of dubious value have generated huge losses for its shareholders and in turn, the falling value of its shares has sparked panic in the financial and credit markets around the world - including Nepal. This article analyzes the reasons for the global financial crisis while also having a perspective on politico-economic responses by various governments launched to remedy the situation and the course impact. But with continued assets restructuring and multiple sales risk transfer it came a situation when it became impossible to ascertain the actual risk level of each of the titles. In this regard the rating agencies, despite not recognize, were unable to fulfill their task. Inability of financial institutions to self regulate while keeping the government of their regulatory frameworks, with long stable periods that encourage excesses and Manias(Kawai, Lamberte and Pak, 2012). The international financial system was inherently so that, according to economists, you cannot escape periodic financial crises, with consequences more devastating. The UK and Spain are among the countries Thus, pragmatism seems to have overcome ideology, negotiation has worked and have finished adopting coherent plans in almost all advanced countries, plans that meet both the need to recapitalize the banking system partially nationalizing the banking and secure loans interbank. In this sense both the approval of the US plan, which was only accepted by Congress after the introduction of important amendments-as subsequent clarifications Treasury finally accept temporarily nationalize part of banking Finally, the global financial crisis was a period when the European economic block led by UK, France and Germany to stamp world financial authority while introducing the euro as the currency for trade after the dollar. Reforms Creating and developing systems to tackle the crisis. This was aimed at meeting the increasing appetite for funds by countries worst hit by the crisis globally while stabilizing the economic and financial sectors of the world. The united states was at the fore front of the reforms. the IMF increased its resources for lending significantly since the onset of the global crisis. Increase in credit to the crisis. The IMF reorganized its lending framework to adapt it to the needs of countries and greater emphasis on crisis prevention, and simplified the program conditionality. Since the beginning of the crisis, the IMF has committed more than $ 700,000 million in financing for member countries.(Scott, 2009)Assistance to the poorest in the world. Concessionally lending reforms were undertaken by the IMF and the policies were geared to engaging the low-income and poor economies in lending and to protect them from more economic downfall. Analysis and policy advice of the IMF more focused. The IMF provided risk analysis and provided policy advice to member countries to help them overcome the challenges and the effects of contagion arising from the global economic crisis. He also undertook major initiatives to strengthen supervision and adapt to a globalized and interconnected world, taking into account lessons learned from the crisis. Reform corporate structure of governance of the IMF to include other economies. Creating a firewall against the crisis The increase in available resources of financing to the IMF in support of countries that are members was a key elements of engagements aimed at overcoming the global financial crisis. Immediately after the crisis, member countries increased additional financial resources to the IMF through agreements that were bilateral to obtain loans amounting to about SDR 170.000 million (about USD 250,000 million to current exchange rates). Policy analysis and advice focused on IMF To strengthen supervisory role the IMF undertook key initiatives to respond to a globalized and interconnected world. These initiatives were developed to modernize the legal role of supervision to include the effects of contagion (the time when the economic policies of one country can affect others), further analysis financial risk systems, enhanced assessment of the external positions of members and immediate responces to concerns raised by these latter countries. Unemployment levels soared affecting more than 200 million people worldwide and income inequality becoming unbearable in many countries, the IMF internally established a Working Jobs and Growth criteria, which recommended avenues and provided guidelines for improving the support given by the IMF to its members to achieve their goals in terms of development, job creation and income distribution. A reform of the governance structure of the IMF to better reflect the global economy .(Scott, 2009)The reforms of 2010 are based on the reforms on quotas and agreed in the post global financial crisis period.from the initiated reforms, 54 member countries were includes with China, Korea, India, Brazil and Mexico the countries that will benefit most from the largest increases. In the case of other members, including poor countries, there will be an increase vote numbers, which remains a percentage of the total cast votes. Impacts of financial crisis in different economies The impact of the international economic crisis will be felt in Latin America through two channels. The first, via trade flows, and second, via capital flows. To understand the vulnerability of the region from this point of view to the transformations that are happening globally, the first thing is to understand the structure of world trade and the role played by Latin America in this. Thus the cycle of global capital has led to the growth of private credit in Latin America. The highest levels of liquidity associated with capital inflows have led banks to significantly increase lending to the private sector at the highest rates globally, thus financing the expansion of domestic consumption. As expected, the increasing availability of credit is having significant effects on asset prices in economies in the region. In the case of housing prices must be at regional level during the period 2008-2010 increased at an annual rate of 15%. This growth rate is the highest compared to the emerging markets of Asia and Eastern Europe (IMF 2011). It is not surprising to find that in those countries where it has grown faster fastest credit growth is also recorded in housing prices. The recent collapse of real estate markets in the US, the UK and Spain shows the fragility and dangers of a rapid rise in property prices when this occurs in a context of expansion of credit, as is currently happening in the region. However, the effects are not confined only to housing. It can be seen how, after the impact of the crisis, the market capitalization in the region also continued to grow at a rapid pace(Shiller, 2008). With the exception of Mexico and Argentina, the capitalization of the stock values measured in dollars has doubled over the last two years in other countries. As in the case of capital flows, it is interesting to note the changes in the composition of the market capitalization. It is then clear that several economies in the region are all elements that characterize this financing scheme: high dependence on commodity exports with FDI increasingly directed to this sector; strong currency appreciation coupled with rapidly rising prices of financial assets; growth of external financing via short-term dollars through portfolio flows. In the same way that these elements have combined to drive growth in the region over the last period, making it appear that the risks have diminished, in the next stage of the economic cycle will combine to cause a rapid deterioration of the economic situation and financial. Proposed recommendations * Implementing regulation to credit to the private sector by financial institutions in order to control the rapid growth of household and corporate debt. * Coordinate the creation of a control system of capital at the regional level that would reduce the inflow of speculative capital to the region, with the aim of reducing the negative impact of such flows on the value of local currencies and credit. This system could be accompanied by the creation of a regional tax on financial transactions, which simultaneously serves to finance the activities of the South Bank. * Accelerate the implementation of the South Bank in order to fund regional programs to strengthen regional capacity, to reduce dependence on commodity exports currently plaguing the region. Strengthening regional integration would also create economies of scale required for the development of a manufacturing sector in different countries of Latin America. * Organization audit committees debt at regional level to allow for monitoring and surveillance mechanisms management of public debt. The objective of the audit is to implement a mechanism to control preventively the socialization of financial sector losses associated in a scenario of regional and international financial panic. Conclusions: The global financial crisis which was as a result of excess liquidity and a lack or poor regulations of the integrated international financial systems was taking toll on countries economy including Nepal. Unilateral actions by global institutions like the IMF and different governments were enforced to prevent collapse of world economies(Shiller, 2008). The banking and insurance sectors were the hardest hit, this culminated to reduced trade even in other sectors . However, recommended measures and provided guidelines for improving the effectiveness the support provided by the IMF to member countries to achieve their goals in terms of growth, job creation and income distribution. References Berlatsky, N. (2010).The global financial crisis. Detroit, MI: Greenhaven Press/Gale Cengage Learning. Choi, J. and Papaioannou, M. (2009).Credit, currency, or derivatives. Bingley: Emerald. Claessens, S. and Horen, N. (n.d.).The impact of the global financial crisis on banking globalization. Friedman, T. (2005).The world is flat. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. Ghosh, B. (2002).Global financial crises and reforms. London: Routledge. Haytmanek, E. and McClure, K. (n.d.).Mitigating the nutritional impacts of the global food price crisis. Kawai, M., Lamberte, M. and Pak, Y. (2012).The global financial crisis and Asia. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Kohli, H. and Sharma, A. (2010).A resilient Asia amidst global financial crisis. New Delhi, India: SAGE. Savona, P., Kirton, J. and Oldani, C. (2011).Global financial crisis. Farnham, Surrey, England: Ashgate. Savona, P., Kirton, J. and Oldani, C. (2011).Global financial crisis. Farnham, Surrey, England: Ashgate. Scott, H. (2009).The global financial crisis. New York: Foundation Press. Shiller, R. (2008).The subprime solution. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. Taylor, M. and Clarida, R. (2011).The global financial crisis. London: Routledge. The World Bank Group's response to the global economic crisis. (2011). Washington, D.C.: World Bank. Yehoue, E. (2009).Emerging economy responses to the global financial crisis of 2007-09. [Washington, D.C.]: International Monetary Fund.

Learning How to Learn free essay sample

Learning How to Learn Ashley McDowell, Vanessa Hanson, and Michael James American Intercontinental University ABSTRACT In this paper, you will see how types of learners are vastly different and yet very similar at their approach to learning. This will also cover how diverse individuals are at learning. It includes examples of approaches and how each learner completes the situation, why its important for students to know how they learn, and how a group with diverse learners can work together. To begin, learning is simply the process in which a person engages in the act of reating knowledge and as you have new concrete experiences you observe and reflect upon them. While in doing so people blend these experiences with existing concepts and in turn begin to form new concepts that they then apply. Throughout your daily life you test these new concepts as you use them in subsequent situations. (AIU Online, 2005) Everyone learns differently and doesnt approach learning the same way. We will write a custom essay sample on Learning How to Learn or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Prime example, in a group of three, two people has the convergers learning style while the other has the assimilator learning style. Convergers and assimilators both have the same thinking, the abstract conceptualization. They are different in several ways. Convergers like doing (active experimentation, hands on), excel in areas such as laboratories, field work, and homework. They like to ask the question, how can I apply this in practice? While assimilators learn by watching (reflective observation), they usually excel in lectures, papers, and analogies. Assimilators like to ask the question, how does this relate to that? (Betcher Esichaiku, 2008) After collecting information, doing research, and actively discussing the Kolb learning styles, our group found that it was made up of two of the four styles, Convergers and Assimilators. Although there are many differences in learning styles one thing is for certain. All learning styles fit the learner to optimize their learning. Topics discussed ranged in variety, in a common situation, planning a trip, we saw that the assimilator would begin planning as much in advance as possible. Where the converger could Just hop on a plane, bus, car etc. nd Just go. Good thing for Assimilators they are likely to receive special discounts for buying tickets in advance, while the convergers may not. Convergers, have a practical approach. One member of our group was tasked with giving a class on countertop installation with the necessary materials and instructions, and five days to prepare. Her knowledge of her learning style was beneficial by eliminating the stress of not knowing if she could obtain all this information and present this class. Working well alone allowed her to apitalize on another trait associated with the Converger learning style. By understanding your individual learning style and developing the skills that help you learn in a variety of ways, you make the most of your learning potential. And because choose better courses of action( mindtools LTD, 1995-2010) allowing you to be able to work effectively in groups and teams. In understanding that other people can have quite different learning preferences, you can learn to communicate your message effectively in a way that many more people understand.

buy custom The Impact of Industrial Technology essay

buy custom The Impact of Industrial Technology essay The sheer imagination of a world without industrial technology is devastating, considering the role that these technologies have had on industrial revolution. Before these technologies were invented, both children and adult members of the society had to toil from dawn to dark in order to provide sufficient food, shelter and clothing for all. However, the advent of industrial technology has had an unimaginable impact on the environment of work as well as the manner in which people work. The impacts of industrial technology on the human environment were felt during the first industrial revolution. During this period, revolutionary agricultural techniques, improved methods of iron manufacture and coal production, as well as advanced textile machines were introduced. These advances completely changed the human environment because people were not used to such technologies. The second industrial revolution changed the environment further through the introduction of steamship and railroad transportation, chemicals and other agricultural machinery. Man was compelled to use these technologies in farming and transportation thus chnging the environment. Currently, many people do not depend on others to sustain their own existence. By embracing technology, people have been able to specialize in specific kinds of work. Unlike the jack of all trades of the 19th century, technology enables a typical office worker or factory worker to concentrate on a small bit of work that would otherwise be completed by many people. In the past, people had to use a lot of strength while working because one had to work alone or in small groups to accomplish strenuous activities. Industrial technology has altered this trait of work. Because of industrial technology, Work has now become a repetitive phenomenon that rarely requires an individuals full muscular ability. Industrial technology has enabled many people to reap the fruits of their toil. For example, the existence and growth of the automobile industry provided people with a ready market for their raw materials such as leather, rubber, lead, sheet steel and zinc. Moreover, industrial technology provided numerous employment opportunities. For instance, the growth of the auutomobile industry led to the initial employment of 10,000 persons by 1905. The advent of industrial technology also led to urbanization, which allowed more and more people to relocate to major cities because of the gains that come with technology. Industrial technology has also led to the even distribution of the labor force. Rather than hiring many people to complete a certain task, many organizations can now complete more complex production processes with less people together with technology. Additionally, industrial technology has transformed the manner in which goods are being produced. Unlike in previous years, companies can now produce goods en mass. Unfortunately the mass production of goods only benefits the employers and not employees. Automobile and transportation industry has impacted people in a positive way. Rather than using slow means of transport to and from work, many people can now drive for miles to work. Since industrialization and the use of technology led to lying-off of workers, wage cuts and other forms of employee exploitation, unionism was embraced by many employees to counteract and fight this unnecessary exploitation. Buy custom The Impact of Industrial Technology essay

Car Industry in Europe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Car Industry in Europe - Essay Example The essay also look in to various technical measures which car industry has to take to improve the condition of more CO2 emitting cars towards less CO2 emitting ears. It also emphasizes that how these steps improve the overall environment in EU especially the he emission of CO2 level, which is to be achieved with in a time frame. Finally the essay recommends various measures the how EU enforce these regulations legislatively to improve the overall situation of emission of GHG. It also emphasize on how customers and car industry could be benefited by applying and adhering environmental standards for sustainable growth & development. Introduction: The European is at the forefront of international efforts to combat climate change and must deliver the reductions in greenhouse gas emissions to which it has committed under the Kyoto protocol. The greenhouse effect is one of the better-understood features of the atmosphere. The European commission proposed in January 2007 "The EU pursues in context of international negotiations, the objective of a 30% reduction of GHG emission by developed countries by 2020 (compared to 1990 levels)". To avoid distortions and for the sake of economical and social fairness, all sectors must contribute to the reduction effort. Cars are an important part of the everyday lives of a large number of Europeans; the automobile industry is a significant source of employment and growth in many regions of the EU. However, car usage has significant impacts on climate change with about 12% of the overall EU emissions of CO2, the main greenhouse gas, coming from fuel consumed by passenger cars. Even though there have been significant improvements in vehicle technology in particular fuel efficiency which also means lower CO2 emissions but this has not been enough to neutralize the effect of increased traffic and car size. While the EU as a whole has reduced its emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) by just under 5% over the 1990-2004 period, the CO2 emissions from road transport have increased by 26% keeping in view of the above situations in June 2006, European Council therefore unanimously reconfirmed that "In line with the EU Strategy on CO2 emissions from cars/light duty vehicles, the average new car fleet should ach ieve CO2 emissions of 140g CO2/km by 2008/09 and 120g CO2 /km by 2012". The European parliament called for "a policy of strong measures to reduce emission from transport, including mandatory limits for CO2 emissions from new vehicles in order of 80-100g CO2/km for new vehicles in the medium term to be achieved through emission trading between car manufacturers. In view of the above developments in implementing environmental norms and standards by EU, car manufacturers around the globe may face specific problems as well as adhering norms laid down by EU. The auto industry is often thought of as one of the most global of all industries. Car industry is experiencing rapid changes with globalization (Carlson 2004). Rapid changes are also altering the industry structure and attractiveness. The emerging markets

Communication Theory Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Communication Theory - Assignment Example And I find this approach professional and reasonable as well. Relational Dialectics Theory elaborates how personal and social relationships are maintained despite interpersonal and social differences (Harvey and Housel 56). For example, Mr. David is an introvert person wants to maintain his privacy whereas his friend Mr. Frank, who has an extrovert personality, prefers to openness about issues. In their relationship, this theory proposes that both should understand their internal conflicting views besides maintaining their relationship amicably. From another perspective, it is important to understand the word â€Å"dialectics.† According to Merriam-Webster dictionary, dialectics refers to a process through which two opponent forces attempt to resolve their conflict amicably. In a deeper analysis, it can also be argued that this theory maintains that it is difficult to understand openness without understanding closeness; the comprehension of openness relies on the inbuilt concept of closeness. And the same is applicable for comprehending the concept of closeness through understanding openness as well. In this regard, Sahlstein mentions that social relationships are important for people as they want to retain them but simultaneously they are also inclined to maintain their personal integrity, values inbuilt to their personality and that is obtained through defining oneself particularly in relation to others (p.693). This statement needs further elaboration. For example, if two friends have a divergent opinion about an issue. In that situation, both have two options either to reject each other’s opinion and break their social relationship or sit together, understand the issue and retain the relationship as well. If they opt for the second option, they will have an opportunity to understand the inbuilt differences in the issue and evaluate each other’s point of view. In that situation, it is not necessary

Management And Conservation Of Seaweed Culture Environmental Sciences Essay

Management And Conservation Of Seaweed Culture Environmental Sciences Essay Seaweeds have been used practically in Chinese Herbs since 2700 BC in Emperor of Shen Nung. Reports show that since 300BC, seaweeds have been a part of the Japanese diet and mainly eaten in the Oriental countries like Japan, China, Korea and recently, in USA and Europe. Korea shows highest seaweed consumption per capita in the world. The most valuable commercial use of seaweeds is as raw material for extraction of phycocolloids (agar, alginate and carrageenan), which are used in several industries. Seaweeds have been collected from natural stocks or wild populations. In fact, these resources were being depleted by over-harvesting and hence, the need for their cultivation. Today seaweed cultivation techniques are standardised, perfected and made economically favourable. Besides, industry prefers a greater stability through sustained supply of quantity and quality of raw materials. In order to prevent overexploitation of natural seaweed habitats and to meet the needs of industry in an uninterrupted manner, nearly all brown seaweeds, 63 per cent of red seaweeds and 68 per cent of green seaweeds are being cultivated. Top five cultivated seaweeds in the world are Laminaria, Porphyra, Undaria, Eucheuma and Gracilaria. These together account for 5.97 million metric tonnes of seaweed production. Top 10 countries producing seaweeds are China, Korea, Japan, Philippines, Indonesia, Chile, Taiwan, Vietnam, Russia and Italy. The current phycocolloids (seaweed gels) industry stands at over US$ 6.2 billion. The world production of commercial seaweeds has grown by 119 per cent since 1984 and presently, 221 species of seaweeds are utilised commercially including 145 species for food and 110 species for phycocolloid production (Anonymous, 2003). Japan leads the world in the production of agar and consumption. The world most successful seaweed cultivation industries are in Asia. Large-scale seaweed mariculture is only carried out in Asia. Cultivating nori was started in the 1697 in Tokyo Bay and the species is mostly cultivated in Japan. There are many different ways to cultivate seaweed. Cultivating seaweed has been done for a long time and has been cultivated in different ways. Management and conservation of seaweed is needed as seaweed production mostly depending on wild stock. SEAWEED AND THEIR USES Macroscopic marine algae, popularly known as seaweeds, form one of the important living resources of the ocean. It is a source of raw material of alginate, agar and carrageenan, gelatinous substances collectively known as hydrocolloids or phycocolloids. It is widely used in both food and non-food industries. Hydrocolloids have attained commercial significance as food additives. The food industry exploits their gelling, water-retention, emulsifying and other physical properties. The applications of alginate find place in frozen foods, pastry fillings, syrups, bakery icings, dry mixes, meringues, frozen desserts, instant puddings, cooked puddings, chiffons, pie and pastry fillings, dessert gels, fabricated foods, salad dressings, meat and flavour sauces. Agar is used in foods such as confectionery, meat and poultry products, desserts and beverages and moulded foods. It is widely used in paper manufacturing, culture media, packaging material, photography, leather industry, plywood manufacturing, preservation of foodstuffs, cosmetics industry and pharmaceutical industry. Carrageenan is also employed in food industry. Its value in the manufacture of sausages, corned beef, meat balls, ham, preparations of poultry and fish, chocolates, dessert gels, ice creams, juice concentrates, marmalade, and sardine sauces. It is also used in the manufacturing of non-food items like beer, air fresheners, textiles, toothpastes, hair shampoos, sanitary napkins, tissues, culture media, and fungicides. Carrageenan is used in salad dressings and sauces, dietetic foods, and as a preservative in meat and fish products, dairy items and baked goods. Figure 1:Carrageenan seaweed It is an alternative to animal-based gelatin in food industries used as enhancer, emulsifier, gelling, thickening, binding and stabilizing agent and also in non- food application such as dentifrice, pharmacology and industrial products. For example, some seaweed polysaccharides are employed in the manufacture of toothpastes, soaps, shampoos, cosmetics, milk, ice creams, meat, processed food, air fresheners and also animal feed, fertilizers for plants and source of various chemicals. In several oriental countries like Japan, China, Korea, etc., seaweeds are a staple part of the diet. In the recent past, seaweeds have also been gaining momentum as new experimental systems for biological research and integrated aquaculture systems. Seaweed products are used in our daily lives in one or the other way. PURPOSES OF SEAWEED MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION Management and conservation of seaweeds is needed as seaweed resources are depletion over-time. Seaweed production mostly depending on wild stock and natural stock. Seaweed pollution also a major concern to consider in determine successful of managing coastal environment of the country. Seaweed grows out of control and caused pollutant to birds and marine life and further, leads to death of human when they consume of dangerous marine product. SEAWEED AS USEFUL RESOURCES Figure 2: Application of seaweeds SEAWEED POLLUTION In the coast of Qingdao, East China, a huge blooms of seaweed covering some areas of sea. Local fishermen have been ordered to help clear the carpets of seaweed as it is believe would have to be treated as an obstruction to fishing vessels and other boats. It has resulted in increasing levels of pesticides and fertilizer entering the countrys waterways, providing a food source for the algae. Recent flooding caused by typhoons has also been causes (Anonymous, 2008). Fishing vessels attempt to clear the green algae Workers bag up the seaweeds Seaweed pollution in Qingdao Figure 3: Seaweed pollution 3.2.1 FACTORS CONTRIBUTE TO SEAWEED POLLUTION Seaweed pollution is definition given when seaweeds grow excessively in coastal ocean which may contribute harmful condition on seawater. Seaweeds blooming as a result of industrial, fertilizer and other sources input which run-off into coastal environment. The build-up of seaweeds will increase the photosynthesis and respiration processes which then lead to decomposing of organic matter. The decaying of dead seaweeds will produce hydrogen sulphide, a rotten and toxic gas to marine life and human as well. Factors that may contribute to seaweed pollution in coastal ocean are stated as below: Nitrates as fertilizer sources washed down from local cattle, pig and poultry farms With increasing levels of pesticides and fertilizer entering the countrys waterways, it will providing a food source for the algae to bloom Dumping of industrial waste and heavy metals in run-off areas such as leads and copper Recent flooding caused by typhoons will increase the growth of algae in seawater column And also combined with sunny weather enabled seaweeds build-up 3.2.2 EFFECT OF UNCONTROLLED SEAWEED GROWTH Without proper management, seaweeds growth will cause many problems to environment especially marine lifes. Difficult for vessel and boat passage in ocean water Cut off access to food for local birds, fish and crustaceans Death of marine life with depleted oxygen in the water Further, hydrogen sulphide are produced by the decomposing seaweeds Rotten smell and toxic will leads to death of individual life 4.0 PROBLEMS TOWARDS CONSERVATION OF SEAWEED Unavailability of good quality seedlings Inconsistency of the quality due to adulteration with foreign materials to the seaweed Shortage of raw materials Pollution in conservation areas (industrial waste etc.) Lack of capital to venture into the industry False cultivation method Farmers are strongly urged to stop using raffia string for seaweed cultivation and replace them with nylon strings because using raffia string will affects the quality of carrageenan Diseases affecting seaweeds (ice-ice) Weather inconsistency (flooding, waves) Unavailability of good quality seedlings Lack of capital and RD programmes 5.0 SEAWEED CULTIVATION The cultivation of seaweed, principally for human consumption, is a traditional and still expanding industry in the east, especially in Japan, and increasing interest is being taken in the extension of these practices to other parts of the world for industrial as well as edible purposes. With supplies from certain naturally occurring resources failing to match rising demands and many of the worlds major untapped resources of seaweeds being remotely located, difficult of access or costly to harvest, cultivated raw materials almost certainly will become of increasing significance to processors of both edible and industrial products. Plastic bottles is a method that have been used in Sabah are used to keep seaweed called Euchema Kappaphychus Alverazii afloat. Figure 4: Plastic bottle methods Most seaweeds produce an enormous number of spores and they can be multiplied extensively if culture conditions are perfected. Such conditions depend upon attention to a number of factors. Care needs to be taken with the selection of protected habitats, free from pollution, and of suitable hydrographic environments; the algae need to be protected from predatory fish, sea urchins and other pests and parasites; transplanting of the germlings has to be undertaken with extreme care and harvesting carried out in such a way as to maintain peak productivity. In effect, a full knowledge of the plants biology and reproduction is a fundamental prerequisite to successful seaweed cultivation( Mathieson, 1973). Porphyra The most extensively cultured seaweed is Porphyra, the Japanese nori. Some 60 000 to 70 000 Japanese fisherman are now cultivating nori and producing the dried edible products which are very profitably marketed through a cooperative selling system. Porphyra culture in Japan dates back to the seventeenth century and the earliest cultural practices relied upon the positioning of tree (and later bamboo) twigs to capture the spores. Subsequently, nets became widely used as collecting agents instead of twigs and Conchooelis-phase of the Porphyra life-history. This is a minutely filamentous, shell-boring stage which grows throughout the summer and which can be collected on oyster shells. In the autumn, when the temperature and light levels drop, the conchospores are liberated from the shells and attach themselves to a suitable medium (i.e., the collecting net) to grow into leafy thalli. The nets can thus be artificially seeded in tanks and then transported to the growing areas where they are attached to bamboo poles; about two months after budding the plants grow to between 15 and 20 cm in length and are then harvested. Figure 5:Porphyra sp. These and improved techniques (including freeze-drying of the thalli buds for storage) have resulted in marked increases in yields, in total output of nori and in profitability. Bardach et al. (1972) reported that in some areas up to 750 kg of nori can be obtained per hectare during the six to eight months growing season; the average production value of nori has risen from approximately U.S.$ 870 per ton in 1970 and 1971 to over U.S.$ 1 400 per ton in 1973, suggesting the possibility of gross earnings exceeding U.S.$ 1 000 per hectare. According to Suto (1974) nori farmers earn a net income rate of 60 to 70 percent, making Porphyra cultivation the most profitable of all fisheries in Japan. Undaria The brown alga Undaria or wakame, is also extensively cultured in Japan. Two main systems are used rope cultivation and stone planting. In the former method, strings of synthetic fibre are immersed in seaweed tanks with fertile Undaria weeds in the spring; enormous numbers of spores are released which adhere to the fibre. The fibres are lashed to frames and stored in tanks until late autumn when the young plants, having reached about 1 mm in length, are transferred to rafts in the sea. The wakame grows quickly in the cold winter waters and is harvested when it has reached about 1 m in length. The amount of labour in wakame cultivation is much less than in nori farming; yields of about 10 kg of wet weed per 1 m of cultivating rope can be obtained in northern areas, about a half that yield in warmer districts (Suto, 1974). Where large quantities of Undaria are already growing wild, the planting of large stones or concrete blocks on the sea bottom has been found to help the attachment of the spores and the subsequent growth of the young plants. Figure 6:Undaria sp. Laminaria Increasing amounts of Laminaria, or kombu, are also being cultivated in Japan, using similar stone planting and rope-culture techniques (MacFarlane, 1968). Laminaria culture, however, differs from the other two by the use of dynamite to improve the substrata and control harmful weeds (Wildman, 1974). Propagation of Laminaria has also been long practised in China. Druehl (1972) notes a unique Chinese method of fertilizing Laminaria through the use of porous, elongated earthenware bottles filled with nutrients and seawater which are placed, with young vegetative Laminaria plants, inside a basket-like structure made of bamboo poles and the whole suspended about 1 m below the sea surface. Figure 7:Laminaria sp. Gelidium Some artificial propagation of Gelidium and other agarophytes is practised in Japan but it has not yet been possible to control the release of spores from these species as has been done with many other algae; moreover, the spores take two years to grow and reach harvestable size. Figure 8:Gelidium sp. Eucheuma A high valued species of Eucheuma have been introduced for cultivation or experimental purpose and where commercial quantities are currently being produced for the carrageenan industry such as Fiji, Philippines, USA (Hawaii, California, Florida), Kiribati (Christmas and Tarawa Islands), Tuvalu, Samoa, Malaysia, French Antilles, Tonga, Japan, Indonesia, Federal States of Micronesia, French Polynesia, Guam, China, Maldives, Solomon Islands, Tanzania, India, Cuba, Vietnam, Brazil, Venezuela, Kenya and Madagascar. However, introduction of exotics should not be done indiscriminately as it carries the risk of pathogen invasion, parasites, epiphytes and undesirable changes in the ecosystem. Philippines is largely through the initiatives of one of the worlds largest phycocolloid manufacturers. The practical and economic feasibilities of culturing Eucheuma isiforme species in Florida have been illustrated by Dawes (1974) who considered two proposals, cultivation in natural sites (as in the Central Pacific) and in outdoor tanks. Dawes investigations indicated that tank culture would yield a much higher crop per unit area than mariculture in natural embayments. In the case of field culture, yields in the Florida Keys might average about 20 tons (4 tons dried, clean) Eucheuma per hectare but problems could arise from herbivores, storm damage and admixtures of other weeds; conversely, operating costs should be low. With controlled harvesting in culture tanks, Dawes postulated a potential yield of the equivalent of 243 tons dried, washed material per hectare; net profits, of course, must be considered in the light of tank construction, water movement costs, temperature control expenses, etc. Figure 9:Eucheuma sp. 5.1 SEAWEED CULTIVATION IN MALAYSIA Seaweed cultivation is one of Malaysias fastest growing sectors and is strongly supported by the government. In the 9th Malaysians Development Plan, Sabah was mandated by the government to produce 250,000 metric ton seaweeds yearly by 2010. Currently, the state managed to produce 40,000 to 50,000 metric ton yearly only. Singularly a Sabah product, main commercial species culture is Eucheuma cottonii. Environmental conditions around the Sabah coastline are generally favorable for culture of the species. Many of the operator there are Fillipino ancestry. Seaweed is sold as dried item. It take approximately 9 kg of seaweed to produce a kg of its dried form. Seaweed culture is low capital investment and has a fast turn over. Figure 10:Seaweed Cultivation Project (Semporna) In general according to report by DoF seaweed production still profitable from steady production volume recorded of recent (DoF, 2004a). Seaweed from Sabah is mainly for export market mainly to Denmark . Its dried form is sold directly to exporter without using any middlemen. Usually the later assists farmers by providing its aquaculture facilities hence an obligation to sell the product back. The price for a kg of dried form is about RM1.50. Of late however not many people wanted to get involved in the culture of seaweed because of better opportunities in other sectors. Beside price incentive, commercial production of it is quiet risky as the price is generally fluctuates and harvest largely depend on good sundrying condition. In addition future expend need to take into consideration of conflict with trees passing of fishing boats and promotion of tourism industry. The international market is short of supply due to only up to 30% being produced for the world market. So far, South Korea, Mexico, Philippines, China and Japan are countries producing quality seaweed being ranked 15-30 pts for world market while seaweed produced in Sabah is ranked 30-45 pts. Numerous annual production cycle. From planting till harvesting will take 45 to 60 days only. Thus volume will be substantial. Figure 11:Seaweed cultivation in Malaysia According to Barliotti and Silverthorne (1971), best period to harvest is Aug. to Nov. where agar content of the weed is at its highest, reproduction has already occurred and regeneration is at its maximum value 5.2 REQUIREMENT OF SEAWEED CULTIVATION Choosing a site Find suitable site for cultivating seaweed. A water temperature ranging form 25 Â °C to 30 Â °C is best for growing Eucheuma. Minimum water salinity required is about 28 ppt (parts per thousand) or more. Figure 12: Seaweed should not be planted in front of a river mouth or in fresh water, as fresh water will kill the seaweed. Bottom type A white sandy bottom with the presence of a limited amount of natural seaweed, is probably the best place to cultivate Eucheuma. Eucheuma will not grow very well if the bottom is covered with seagrass because of food competition. A sea bottom with hard coral formations and coral heads also a muddy sea bottom is not a good site to establish farm. BAD GOOD BAD Too many corals Nice clean sandy bottom Too many seaweeds Water movement Moderate water movement is mostly preferred to strong water current. If the water current is too strong, it can damage plants and even wash away planted lines by pulling down the stakes. It will also slow down work as it is difficult work in areas with strong swift current. A constant exchange of ocean water with the changing of the tides and sufficient water movement as the one created by waves is needed. This will bring the necessary nutrients to the plants for a healthy growth. The direction that the water current flows is important for seaweed healthy. Figure 14: Bad water flow: Seaweed farm set against water current. Strong water current can bend or even break the lines. Figure 15:Good water flow: water current flows into the farm Sunlight Clear seawater allows sunlight to penetrate more easily to the plants. Seaweed planted close to the sea surface grows faster and healthier compared to that planted close to the sea bottom or in deep water. GOOD BAD Seaweed planted in shallow water near the surface (30 to 50 centimeters) receives plenty of sunlight and its growth will be good. Seaweed planted in deep water (more than 1 meter from the sea surface) does not get enough sunlight and its growth will be poor. Water depth It is important to consider the water depth while selecting the area of cultivation. At least knee deep water at spring low tide (0.5 meter) is the minimum water depth required to cultivate Eucheuma. In shallower waters seaweed can still grow, but it might be exposed to direct sunlight and wind. As soon as your seaweed is exposed to sun and wind, the tender tips of the plants are destroyed and if exposed for a long time (2 to 3 hours), the whitening of the branches can be seen. This will indicate that part of the seaweed has been killed. Eventually branches will break and drift away from the whitened area. BAD GOOD BAD Too deep at spring low tide Sufficient water depth at spring low tide Too shallow at spring low tide Water pollution Turbid water (muddy) will not sustain good seaweed growth. Chemical pollution will kill the seaweed as in the case of most marine plants and animals. Cultivation methods There are at least 3 methods can use to cultivate seaweed such as Off-bottom (Fixed bottom method), Raft or Floating method and Longline method. Off-bottom Method Wooden stakes are driven into the sea bottom 20 to 25 centimeters apart form each other in straight rows. The stakes should be 5 to 10 centimeter in diameter and 1 or 1.5 meter long. At least 0.5 meter of the stake should be driven into the sand to make them secure. Figure 18:Seaweed line is typically suspended in the Off-bottom Method. A 3 millimeter thick polypropylene rope 5 meters long is firmly stretched between two stakes. Attached to the 3 millimeter rope (line) are 30 pieces of raffia (polypropylene strings). Each of lanting material (seed), the size of the palm of your hand (150 grams), is tied to the raffia strings. The 3 millimeter rope, is suspended at least 20 to 30 centimeters from the sea bottom to prevent the growing seaweed from being tossed on the sand and 20 to 30 centimeters below the water surface at low tide to avoid the seaweeds from being exposed to direct sun light. Direct sun light will kill the exposed parts. The raffia strings, should be 20 centimeter in length with both ends knotted to prevent fraying as shown in the previous photo. The raffia strings are firmly tied to a 3 millimeter rope in such a way that it will not move along the rope as the seaweed grows bigger, or during rough weather. Prepare the lines as quickly as possible and place them in sea water. Seed will grow better if the time of seaweed kept out of the water is limited. Tie the raffia strings to lines on shore before tie seaweed seeds to them. The off-bottom method can be prepare the lines either on shore, in the shallow water at low tide, or in punt near the farm. Raft or Floating Method In the floating method, seaweed is attached to some device that keeps the seaweed floating; rising and falling, with the tidal changes. Seaweed is keep about 50 centimeters below the water surface. The floating devise can be a simple frame made of bamboos, mangrove wood, or bush timber durable in seawater. Tie together four 2.5 meter long bamboos into a square frame and stretch 3 millimeter ropes (lines) inside the frame. In a 2.5 meter square frame, stretch up to 15 lines, 10 to 15 centimeter apart. Each line will carry 15 pieces of seaweed tied to the 3 millimeter rope with raffia. In a frame like the one described, it can plant up to 225 pieces of seaweed. In this method seaweed can be tied on shore by placing the raft on a support (oil drums or wooden posts). Figure 19: Square floating frame built with mangrove wood. The square floating frame, should be anchored to the sea bottom as shown in the figure. As the seaweed starts to grow and become heavier, the frame will sink. To avoid this, be sure to attach to the frame extra bamboos or floaters. Floaters can be simply made of styrofoam or bags filled with unhusked coconuts. Figure 20: A floating frame with additional bamboo to assure sufficient buoyancy. Longline Method The longline method is similar to the raft or floating method in several ways. In fact, seaweed is hung to a rope which is suspended by floaters. In this method, however, the main rope is thicker; about 10 to 15 millimeters in diameter. This rope is tied to plastic floaters or bamboo set at 4 to 5 meters interval and anchored at each end. The pieces of raffia holding the seaweed, can be tied to the main rope in two ways. Figure 21: Simplest way. The raffia string are directly tied to the main rope. Additional pieces of rope, 0.5 to 1 meter long, can be tied to the main line and the raffia strings can be tied to them. Seaweed has to be hung near the water surface to receive sufficient sunlight and can suspend the main line about 0.5 meter below the water surface. As described in the first two methods, the lines can be prepared on shore. Tie seaweed seeds to the main line once the line is already stretched and suspended with floaters and prepare the lines from punt as shown in the drawing below. Figure 23:Drawing of a longline being shot from a punt. What are the advantages and disadvantages among these three culture methods? Advantages Disadvantages Off-bottom Method 1. Simple to construct 1. Difficult to locate a good area 2. Easy to manage 2. You might lose your crop during rough weather 3. You can prepare your lines on shore 3. You cannot move your farm if needed 4. Do not require much money to start 4. You might find more grazer fish around your seaweed 5. You can use local wood to prepare the stakes 5. You need to construct a drying rack 6. The farm is easy to reach at low tide Raft or Floating Method 1. Can be utilized in shallow or deep waters 1. You might have difficulty finding bamboo 2. You do not need a sandy sea bottom bed 2. You need to find float materials 3. You can move your floating rafts if you need to 3. The frame might break or sink during rough weather 4. Most of the planting can be done on shore 4. The frame can be damaged by motor-driven boats 5. You do not need to construct a drying rack 5. You might need somebody to help you to handle the frame 6. You can use local wood to construct your frame 7. The seaweed seems to grow faster Longline Method 1. You can set your longline almost anywhere 1. The ropes are costly 2. The seaweed seems to grow faster 2. Planting and harvesting cannot be easily done on shore 3. You can move the longline to another area 3. You need to buy expensive floaters 4. The longline can be damaged by motor-driven boats Handling seaweeds Cover seaweed with tarpaulin or coconut leaves. Use styrofoam boxes to transport your seaweed. In this case, make a few holes on the upper edges of the box to facilitate aeration. Remember to keep the seaweed moist. Do not fill the box with seawater as this will make the seaweed rot rapidly unless the sea water is constantly circulated. Seaweed farmers pouring seawater over a jute bag and a styrofoam box filled with seaweed. Keep the seeds covered to protect them from direct sunlight. Pour some seawater over them at regular intervals. Preparing the lines from your punt, might take several hours and if not covered and kept moist, the seaweed seeds will be spoiled. Disease and predators During December to April, seaweed is more susceptible to diseases and is readily harmed by grazers. Also during this period, the growth of Eucheuma slows down and cyclones and bad weather may cause some damage to your farm. Drying in this period can also be difficult, as it is the wet season in Fiji. As frequently observed, rabbit and puffer fish are the main seaweed grazers. In addition to these, sea urchins and sea turtles are also often seen damaging the seaweed plants. After the warmer months, the rabbit fish grazing becomes a minor problem. In fact, rabbit fish move away from the seaweed. It is always a good idea to set your farm far away from coral heads, since these fishes normally live around the corals and move out to graze on seaweed. Do not leave rubbish (tins, unused stakes, bits of wood, etc.) as these make a very good home for rabbit fish. Whitened areas are more exposed to fungal infection. Especially during the warmer months, fungal infection can spread quite rapidly and the seaweed plants show large portions of discolored branches commonly seen as white and pink areas. Ice Ice is the common term used to describe seaweed plants in this condition. Weather Apart from occasional bad weather (rough sea and heavy rain), the effect of cyclones occurring during the summer months can be devastating. If a cyclone season is expected, harvest as much seaweed as you can and keep it on shore protected from wind and rain. Put aside sufficient seaweed to allow you to re-start farming after the cyclone has passed by. Remember to keep this seaweed in bags moist with seawater at all times. That seaweed will be your re-planting material. If seaweed is kept small during this period, and not allowed to become over-mature, little damage is expected. Decide to harvest after 4 or 5 weeks of growth instead of waiting for 6 or 8 weeks. Experience after going through several cyclones suggest that this strategy could limit your damage. Also, be sure that stakes are firmly erected otherwise the strong water currents and swells during cyclones might wash away your effort. After the cyclone has gone through, tangled lines should be entangled and secured again. Badly damaged seaweed should be completely removed and replaced with new seeds. 6.0 MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION OF SEAWEEDS In the case of already heavily exploited resources, future potential has also to be considered in the light of the growing need, in some important cases, for management and protection. Some commentators (including Stanford, the discoverer of algin acid, as lo

Windows vs. Macintosh :: Compare Contrast Comparison Computers

Windows vs. Macintosh Windows based computers are more practical, easier to use, and more versatile than Macintosh computers. There has always been much debate over which is the better system. There are people who are die-hard Macintosh users, and there are people who are the complete opposite, and naturally people sitting somewhere in between. The fact remains that the majority of home and business users own Windows based systems because of their versatility in all areas. More Practical Windows based computers are more practical for many reasons. Possibly the most prevalent of these being that everybody uses them. When using computers consistency is very important. If everyone is using a certain operating system and software, it is easier to transfer, share, and use the data you create. Windows based systems are the standard in our community, and that is not due to change any time soon. Windows based computers are cheaper, and more easily upgradeable than Macintosh systems. The reason for this being that Apple has exclusive rights to the hardware made specifically for their computers. Windows based system hardware is produced by literally thousands of manufacturers. This, of course, means competition, which in turn lowers prices. Macintosh systems are sold (primarily) as a whole system, meaning that the consumer ends up with what Apple has decided should be included in the system. Windows systems, however, can be built to the consumers needs, or by the consumer themselves. They could select which component would be best for them for the price they would pay for it. Most importantly, with a Windows based system consumers could select what components they wish to have based on what they might pay for them. At a Glance: AMD offers a high-performance chip at a low-budget price. If you're a thrifty shopper and don't need the zippiest system on your block, look no further. Processor Price Range: $125 to $200 Pre-fabricated System Price Range: $1,800 to $2,500 Pros: Low-price, high performance. PC Magazine tests show systems based on the 450-MHz K6-III are nearly as fast as those based on the 500-MHz Pentium III (though shop wisely, as components can play a big role in K6-III system performance). Cons: Solid 3-D performance, though not on par with the Pentium III. Fewer manufacturers to choose from. At a Glance: In PC Labs tests, the G3-based 400-MHz Power Mac beat a 500-MHz Pentium III on several business and graphics tests.

Alice Walker’s The Color Purple: Analysis

Alice Walker's The Color Purple From reading the extract from The Color Purple, the reader is shocked almost straight away from how the character/narrator (who in this case is the author Alice Walker) is treated and brought up by her father. The way in which the story is told is in the form of letters and a kind of diary addressed to god as she is told â€Å"You better not tell anybody but god it'll kill your mammy†. The reader can almost sense that this was written and was never expected to be read or seen by anyone else, it feels very personal and private to the young girl just between her and god. The language she uses is appropriate in the way that you can imagine this fourteen year old black girl who is not very well educated, talking and writing this way. Putting her story across in a colloquial manner hammers home in a way the gravity of the young girls plight all the more as it talks to a broad range of readers and is understandable to all. Also the syntax with the short and punchy sentences again hits home and grabs the attention of the reader right away † My mama dead. She die screaming and cussing. She scream at me. She cuss at me. I'm big. I can't move fast enough†. The piece is extremely emotive and graphic with the images it invokes upon the mind of the reader. You can feel the beatings and torment she suffers on an almost daily basis. With this being a true story it feels all the more real to the reader as you can sympathise for this poor girl and the ordeals she is confronted with, it would be hard for a lot of people to empathise with her as it is an extremely harsh and dire time in her life and maybe through this work she has maybe helped people who are in a similar situation, which demonstrates how strong this piece is in creating the character/s. Again you can really feel for her plight throughout the extract it could be argued that writing a personal story is probably easier than that of a work of fiction, as there is no imagination required because the characters and story are already created. This said with the graphic detail in which the author/character/narrator puts her story across it shows a strength and humbles the reader for the way the author has opened herself to the world. This again gives the whole piece a sense of realness, which would be harder to convey if it were a work of purely fiction. The reader feels and cares about the character's well-being right away from the first three or four paragraphs as she endures being raped by her father and the beatings which followed. Alice Walker has created here an extremely emotional piece by the way she has put her own story in to words and by using her own personal experiences of suffering. She has created a very strong character/narrator, so that anyone who reads this piece can visualise and feel as if we the readers are god and she is talking solely to us.

Part a - 730 Words

Part A On page 118 of your textbook is a picture of the sculpture Pietà   by Michelangelo. As we have studied, Michelangelo’s Renaissance period returns to the Greeks for inspiration and ideas. Using 200 – 250 words, answer the following questions. Don’t forget to defend your answer referencing the themes of the Hellenics and Hellenistics as discussed in this module. 1. Is Pietà   more of a Hellenic or Hellenistic sculpture or a conglomeration of both Greek periods? 2. Compare this sculpture to David. How are the two sculptures similar and how are they different in intent, subject matter and mastery? Which one do you prefer? Why? Michelangelo’s Pieta is a sculpture of the Virgin Mary holding Christ. This sculpture is†¦show more content†¦140, Duane Hanson’s Woman Eating, 1971; pp. 142, Claes Oldenburg, Soft Toilet, 1966; pp. 144, Christo and Jean-Claude, The Gates, 2004 Using 200 – 250 words, answer the following: 1. What is the name of the sculpture you have chosen to write about? 2. Is this work full-round or relief? Why? 3. How does the artist use the elements of mass, texture, and color in this sculpture? 4. Describe the following: a. In what art period did your artist create this work? b. What predominate ideas or themes are found in this art period? c. How does this sculpture demonstrate these themes or ideas? 5. Do you think this sculpture will someday be considered a masterpiece? Why or why not? 6. Do you like this sculpture? Why or why not? 7. What does your liking or disliking of this sculpture say about you? I have chosen Duane Hanson, woman eating. This sculpture is full-rounded because she is a three-dimensional piece of art, you can view this sculpture from behind and see the different dimensions. The artist uses mass by showing the obesity of the woman eating ice cream, the texture in this sculpture shows how she looks real and not just a piece of art, the color is also real and human like. 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